Social Justice & Welfare MCQs for UPSC Prelims

39 practice questions on Social Justice & Welfare from the Polity & Governance section of the UPSC Prelims syllabus. 39 come with a written explanation and 34 are actual previous year questions. Try the sample set below - the answer stays hidden until you ask for it.

4 Easy 28 Medium 7 Hard 34 from past papers

Sample questions

Q1
Previous year question medium

Which of the following statements is/are true of the Fundamental Duties of an Indian citizen? 1. A legislative process has been provided to enforce these duties. 2. They are correlative to legal duties. Select the correct answer using the code given below :

  1. A 1 only
  2. B 2 only
  3. C Both 1 and 2
  4. D Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: D - Neither 1 nor 2

Statement 1 is wrong because the Constitution provides no general legislative mechanism to enforce the Fundamental Duties listed in Article 51A; they are non-justiciable and carry no penalty unless a separate law is enacted. Statement 2 is also wrong because Fundamental Duties are correlative to Fundamental Rights, not to legal duties. Hence neither statement is correct. The official UPSC key marked this 'Neither 1 nor 2', though some coaching keys initially argued 'Both', so it is treated as disputed.

Q2
Previous year question medium

The endeavour of 'Janani Suraksha Yojana' Programme is 1. to promote institutional deliveries 2. to provide monetary assistance to the mother to meet the cost of delivery 3. to provide for wage loss due to pregnancy and confinement Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A 1 and 2 only
  2. B 2 only
  3. C 3 only
  4. D 1, 2 and 3
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: A - 1 and 2 only

Janani Suraksha Yojana, launched under the National Rural Health Mission, is a conditional cash transfer scheme aimed at reducing maternal and infant mortality by encouraging poor pregnant women to deliver in health institutions. Its core objectives are promoting institutional delivery (statement 1) and giving cash assistance to the mother to cover delivery costs (statement 2), both correct. Statement 3 is wrong because compensating for wage loss during pregnancy and confinement is the design of maternity benefit schemes like the later Janani Suraksha-linked maternity benefit programmes, not the defining aim of JSY. Hence only 1 and 2 are correct.

Q3
Previous year question medium

Consider the following statements: Statement-I: India's public sector health care system largely focuses on curative care with limited preventive, promotive and rehabilitative care. Statement-II: Under India's decentralized approach to health care delivery, the States are primarily responsible for organizing health services. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

  1. A Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I
  2. B Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I
  3. C Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
  4. D Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B - Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

Both statements are factually correct. India's public health spending and infrastructure have historically been oriented towards curative, hospital-based care, with preventive, promotive and rehabilitative components remaining comparatively weak, a gap the National Health Policy itself acknowledges. Public health and hospitals fall in the State List, so States are indeed primarily responsible for organizing health service delivery. However, the constitutional assignment of health to the States does not cause or explain the curative bias of the system, which stems from policy and funding choices, so Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.

Q4
Previous year question medium

Which of the following can be said to be essentially the parts of 'Inclusive Governance'? 1. Permitting the Non-Banking Financial Companies to do banking 2. Establishing effective District Planning Committees in all the districts 3. Increasing the government spending on public health 4. Strengthening the Mid-day Meal Scheme Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

  1. A 1 and 2 only
  2. B 3 and 4 only
  3. C 2, 3 and 4 only
  4. D 1, 2, 3 and 4
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: C - 2, 3 and 4 only

Inclusive governance means extending the benefits of development and public services to all sections, especially the deprived. Establishing effective District Planning Committees deepens decentralised, participatory planning; higher public health spending widens access to basic services; and strengthening the Mid-day Meal Scheme improves nutrition and school participation of poor children. These (2, 3 and 4) are clearly parts of inclusive governance. Statement 1 is wrong because letting Non-Banking Financial Companies do banking is a financial sector licensing issue, not an instrument of inclusion; financial inclusion is pursued through priority sector lending, banking correspondents and similar measures. Hence (c).

Q5
Previous year question medium

Consider the following statements: 1. As per the Right to Education (RTE) Act, to be eligible for appointment as a teacher in a State, a person would be required to possess the minimum qualification laid down by the concerned State Council of Teacher Education. 2. As per the RTE Act, for teaching primary classes, a candidate is required to pass a Teacher Eligibility Test conducted in accordance with the National Council of Teacher Education guidelines. 3. In India, more than 90% of teacher education institutions are directly under the State Governments. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A 1 and 2
  2. B 2 only
  3. C 1 and 3
  4. D 3 only
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B - 2 only

Only statement 2 is correct, so 'B' is the answer. Under the RTE Act, the minimum qualifications for teacher appointment are laid down by the National Council for Teacher Education, not by State Councils, so statement 1 is wrong. Statement 2 is correct because candidates must pass a Teacher Eligibility Test conducted per NCTE norms. Statement 3 is wrong because a large majority of teacher-education institutions are privately managed, not directly under State Governments.

Q6
Previous year question hard

In India, if a religious sect/community is given the status of a national minority, what special advantages it is entitled to? 1. It can establish and administer exclusive educational institutions. 2. The President of India automatically nominates a representative of the community to Lok Sabha. 3. It can derive benefits from the Prime Minister's 15 Point Programme. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A 1 only
  2. B 2 and 3 only
  3. C 1 and 3 only
  4. D 1, 2 and 3
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: C - 1 and 3 only

Under Article 30, religious and linguistic minorities have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice, so statement 1 is correct. Notified minorities are also covered under the Prime Minister's New 15 Point Programme for the welfare of minorities, so statement 3 is correct. Statement 2 is wrong: the President's power to nominate to the legislature is limited (for example, the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha and persons of distinction to the Rajya Sabha), and there is no automatic Lok Sabha nomination for every notified minority community. Hence only 1 and 3 are correct.

Q7
Previous year question easy

'Mission Indradhanush' launched by the Government of India pertains to

  1. A immunization of children and pregnant women
  2. B construction of smart cities across the country
  3. C India's own search for the Earth-like planets in outer space
  4. D New Educational Policy
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: A - immunization of children and pregnant women

Mission Indradhanush was launched in 2014 to strengthen routine immunization and ensure full vaccination of children and pregnant women against preventable diseases. It is unrelated to smart-city construction, the search for exoplanets, or education policy, so those options are wrong. Hence immunization of children and pregnant women is correct.

Q8
Previous year question medium

'SWAYAM', an initiative of the Government of India, aims at

  1. A promoting the Self Help Groups in rural areas
  2. B providing financial and technical assistance to young start-up entrepreneurs
  3. C promoting the education and health of adolescent girls
  4. D providing affordable and quality education to the citizens for free
Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: D - providing affordable and quality education to the citizens for free

SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) is a government online platform offering free Massive Open Online Courses to provide affordable, quality education to all citizens, so option (d) is correct. It is not a programme for rural Self Help Groups, ruling out option (a). It does not provide finance or technical support to start-up entrepreneurs, so option (b) is wrong. It is a general education platform and not a scheme targeted at the education and health of adolescent girls, eliminating option (c).

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